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Santa María (altamisa)

Early evidence for: Migraine prevention; Headache; Fever.

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What is Santa María (altamisa)? Santa María, also called altamisa, is the herb known in English as feverfew. Its botanical name is Tanacetum parthenium. It is a small daisy-like plant with yellow-green leaves and a sharp smell. It is taken mainly to try to prevent migraine headaches. In Latin American homes it has also been used as a tea for fever, period pain and stomach upset. The honest verdict: human trials point to a small, uncertain benefit for migraine prevention. Results are mixed and most studies are small. Long traditional use is not proof that it works, and it is not proof that it is safe. Name confusion is common and matters here. In parts of Latin America, altamisa can also mean Artemisia species or ragweed, which are different plants. Check the botanical name on the label. How does Santa María (altamisa) work? No one has shown how Santa María works in the human body. The main idea centres on a plant compound called parthenolide. In test-tube studies, parthenolide appears to block the release of serotonin from platelets, which are tiny blood cells. In the same kind of lab work it seems to damp down inflammation signals. In cell and animal studies it may also relax the walls of blood vessels. Whether any of this happens in a person's head during a migraine is not established. There is a wrinkle. Some products hold very little parthenolide, and at least one trial using an extract still showed a small benefit. So other compounds in the leaf may matter too. What forms does Santa María (altamisa) come in? The dried leaf is the part used. Capsules and tablets are the most common modern form. Forms you may meet: - Capsules or tablets of dried leaf, sometimes standardised for parthenolide - A carbon dioxide (CO2) extract, used in the better migraine trials - Tea brewed from the dried leaf, the usual home form in Latin America - Fresh leaves, traditionally chewed - Liquid tinctures made with alcohol - Creams and washes applied to the skin in folk practice Chewing fresh leaves is the form most tied to mouth ulcers and a swollen tongue. It is also the hardest form to judge for strength. These forms are not swappable. A home-made tea is not the same product as a CO2 extract tested in a trial. Where it comes from: Feverfew has a long record in European herbal medicine. Writers described it for fever, headache and pains after childbirth. Spanish settlers carried the plant to the Americas. There it took the names Santa María and altamisa. Home healers used it for headache, cramps, fever and stomach trouble. It was also used to bring on a late period. Modern interest started in Britain in the 1970s. People with migraine reported relief after chewing leaves daily, and that led to the first trials. These accounts describe past practice, not a plan for treating yourself.

Helps

What does Santa María (altamisa) help with? Migraine prevention: This is the only use with real human trial data. The trials are small and the results do not agree. The best of them used a CO2 extract and found about one fewer migraine a month than placebo. Other trials found no clear gain. A Cochrane review rated the overall evidence as low quality. It is taken daily to reduce how often attacks come. It is not a treatment for an attack that has already started. Tension headache: Tradition used Santa María for everyday headache, not just migraine. Good human evidence for this use has not been found. Any benefit seen in migraine trials cannot simply be carried across. Tension headache has not been tested properly with this herb. Fever: The English name feverfew comes from this old use. Herbals recommended it to bring a fever down. There are no human trials showing it lowers fever. A fever that is high or lasts more than a few days needs a doctor, not a herb. Period pain: Latin American and European healers used it for cramps and for a late period. That second use is the reason it must be avoided in pregnancy. No human trials support the painkilling claim. The womb-stimulating effect is a traditional report, not a measured drug action. Joint pain and arthritis: Lab work showing anti-inflammatory activity made this a popular claim. The human test did not back it up. One small trial in rheumatoid arthritis found no benefit over placebo. On current evidence, it is not a reasonable choice for arthritis. Skin irritation and insect bites: Folk practice used leaf washes and poultices on bites and sore skin. Human evidence for this is absent. There is a real risk running the other way. The leaf can cause contact rash in people sensitive to the daisy family.

Santa María (altamisa)

Quick Facts

  • What it is: Santa María, or altamisa, is the Latin American name for feverfew, a daisy-family herb taken mainly to prevent migraine.
  • Main uses: Migraine prevention, Headache, Period pain, Fever
  • Active ingredients: Parthenolide, Other sesquiterpene lactones, Flavonoids, Volatile oil
  • Forms: Capsules, Tablets, CO2 extract, Tea, Tincture, Fresh leaf
  • Time to effect: Four to six weeks, if at all
  • Side effects: Mouth ulcers from chewing leaves, stomach upset, rash, and rebound headache after stopping a long course.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding: Avoid: traditionally used to stimulate the womb.

Educational information, not medical advice — ask your doctor or midwife.

What is Santa María (altamisa)?

Santa María, also called altamisa, is the herb known in English as feverfew. Its botanical name is Tanacetum parthenium. It is a small daisy-like plant with yellow-green leaves and a sharp smell.

It is taken mainly to try to prevent migraine headaches. In Latin American homes it has also been used as a tea for fever, period pain and stomach upset.

The honest verdict: human trials point to a small, uncertain benefit for migraine prevention. Results are mixed and most studies are small. Long traditional use is not proof that it works, and it is not proof that it is safe.

Name confusion is common and matters here. In parts of Latin America, altamisa can also mean Artemisia species or ragweed, which are different plants. Check the botanical name on the label.

How does Santa María (altamisa) work?

No one has shown how Santa María works in the human body. The main idea centres on a plant compound called parthenolide.

In test-tube studies, parthenolide appears to block the release of serotonin from platelets, which are tiny blood cells. In the same kind of lab work it seems to damp down inflammation signals.

In cell and animal studies it may also relax the walls of blood vessels. Whether any of this happens in a person's head during a migraine is not established.

There is a wrinkle. Some products hold very little parthenolide, and at least one trial using an extract still showed a small benefit. So other compounds in the leaf may matter too.

What forms does Santa María (altamisa) come in?

The dried leaf is the part used. Capsules and tablets are the most common modern form.

Forms you may meet: - Capsules or tablets of dried leaf, sometimes standardised for parthenolide - A carbon dioxide (CO2) extract, used in the better migraine trials - Tea brewed from the dried leaf, the usual home form in Latin America - Fresh leaves, traditionally chewed - Liquid tinctures made with alcohol - Creams and washes applied to the skin in folk practice

Chewing fresh leaves is the form most tied to mouth ulcers and a swollen tongue. It is also the hardest form to judge for strength.

These forms are not swappable. A home-made tea is not the same product as a CO2 extract tested in a trial.

Where it comes from:

Feverfew has a long record in European herbal medicine. Writers described it for fever, headache and pains after childbirth. Spanish settlers carried the plant to the Americas.

There it took the names Santa María and altamisa. Home healers used it for headache, cramps, fever and stomach trouble. It was also used to bring on a late period.

Modern interest started in Britain in the 1970s. People with migraine reported relief after chewing leaves daily, and that led to the first trials. These accounts describe past practice, not a plan for treating yourself.

Who should avoid Santa María (altamisa)?

  • Do not use if you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant; it was traditionally used to bring on a period and may stimulate the womb.
  • Do not use if you are breastfeeding; safety for the baby is not known.
  • Never use if you are allergic to ragweed, chamomile, daisies, marigold or other plants in the daisy family.
  • Do not give it to children under 2.
  • Do not use if you take warfarin or another blood thinner (anticoagulant or antiplatelet drug), unless your doctor agrees and monitors you.
  • Do not use if you have a bleeding disorder such as haemophilia.
  • Do not take it in the two weeks before planned surgery or dental surgery.
  • Do not chew the fresh leaves; this is the main cause of mouth ulcers and a swollen tongue.
  • Never stop a long daily course all at once; taper off with your doctor's help to avoid rebound headache.

When should you see a doctor?

Stop and get urgent help if you have a rash with swelling of the face, lips or tongue, or trouble breathing. That can be a serious allergic reaction.

See a doctor soon if you notice: - Unusual bruising, nosebleeds, or black or bloody stools - Mouth ulcers that do not heal after you stop the herb - A headache that is new, sudden, severe or different from your usual pattern - Headache with fever, a stiff neck, confusion or weakness

Also speak to a doctor if you find you are pregnant while taking it. Stop it and ask for advice.

Is Santa María (altamisa) legal where you live?

In the United States it is sold as an ordinary dietary supplement, not an approved drug. In the United Kingdom and Canada, some feverfew products are registered as traditional herbal medicines for migraine prevention, based on long use rather than proof.

Evidence grades and traditional-use labels are explained in our methodology. Nothing here is medical advice.

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